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Baton (conducting)
A baton is a stick that is used by conductors primarily to enlarge and enhance the manual and bodily movements associated with directing an ensemble of musicians.
==Description==
Modern batons are generally made of a lightweight wood, fiberglass or carbon fiber which is tapered to a comfortable grip called a "bulb" that is usually made of cork, oak, walnut, rosewood, or occasionally aluminum and that may be tailored to a conductor's needs. Professional conductors often have personal specifications for a baton based on their own physical demands and the nature of the performance: Sir Henry Wood and Herbert von Karajan are some examples.〔José Antonio Bowen et al., ''The Cambridge Companion to Conducting'' (UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003) p.3,4〕 Historic examples of their construction include one given to the French composer Louis-Antoine Jullien in the mid 1850s prior to his first visit to the United States: it is described as, "a gorgeous baton made of maplewood, richly mounted in gold and set with costly diamonds."
Batons have normally varied in length from about though a range of between is more commonly used; Henry Wood once requested the use of a 24-inch baton.〔José Antonio Bowen et al., ''The Cambridge Companion to Conducting'' (UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003)〕 When Gaspare Spontini arrived in Dresden in 1844, Wagner had a baton made from a thick ebony staff with ivory knobs at either end. 〔José Antonio Bowen et al., ''The Cambridge Companion to Conducting'' (UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003) p.104〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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